Schizophrenia is a complex，chronic，and difficult-to-treat mental disorder characterized by diverse symptoms that severely affect a patient's thoughts，emotions，and behavior，imposing a significant burden on the patient and their family.Based on the characteristics of the onset of schizophrenia，it can be categorized under the “mania and epilepsy” framework in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In TCM theory，schizophrenia is closely related to the “kidney deficiency and phlegm stasis” theory.This theory posits that kidney deficiency leading to inadequate nourishment of the brain is the root cause of schizophrenia，while the key pathogenic mechanism involves the obstruction of the brain meridians by phlegm stasis.The modern biological basis for the “kidney deficiency and phlegm stasis” theory includes abnormalities in neurotransmitters，inflammatory responses，and vitamin D levels.Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate are associated with schizophrenia symptoms，inflammation plays an important role in the disease's development，and vitamin D deficiency is linked to an increased risk of schizophrenia.These biological factors align with TCM theory，providing scientific support for TCM treatment of schizophrenia.The pathogenesis of schizophrenia in TCM highlights the importance of the “kidney deficiency and phlegm stasis” theory，and modern biological research provides strong evidence for this theory.