To investigate the behavioral effects of Siwei Zhidong Formula on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) rats by observing their performance in the open field test，elevated plus maze test，and Morris water maze test.Methods:Twenty-four spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) of specific pathogen-free(SPF) grade were randomly divided into SHR model group，SHR Chinese medicine group，and SHR Western medicine group，with eight rats in each group.An additional eight Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were included as a normal control group.Behavioral tests including the open field test，elevated plus maze test，and Morris water maze test were conducted before and after treatment to compare intergroup and intragroup results.Results:Compared with SD rats，SHR rats exhibited increased spontaneous activity，irritability，and slightly delayed responses.In the open field test before treatment，the SHR model group，SHR Chinese medicine group，and SHR Western medicine group showed increased total distance traveled，faster average speed，and increased spontaneous activity compared to the normal control group(P<0.05).After treatment，spontaneous activity in both the SHR Chinese medicine and SHR Western medicine groups decreased compared to that before treatment.The SHR Chinese medicine group showed no significant difference from the normal control group(P>0.05)，while the SHR Western medicine group showed significantly lower spontaneous activity than the normal control group(P<0.05)，suggesting a potential reverse inhibitory effect from the Western medicine.In the elevated plus maze test，there were no significant differences among groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment，the SHR model group showed an increase in the time spent and entries into the open arms，while other groups showed no significant changes(P>0.05).In the Morris water maze test，the SHR Chinese medicine group showed reduced total distance to reach the target platform，increased average swimming speed，and longer time spent in the target quadrant compared to the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Siwei Zhidong Formula can reduce spontaneous activity in ADHD rats without causing reverse inhibition and can enhance learning and memory abilities