To establish the quality evaluation standard and method of novel Astragalus membranaceus granule decoction pieces.Methods:By employing the traditional Astragalus membranaceus decoction pieces as the control，the quality differences between the new granule decoction pieces and traditional decoction pieces were explained by assessing the indexes such as the flowability，paste rate，transfer rate，index component content，characteristic fingerprints，and similarity.Results:DNA barcoding identification revealed that various batches of Astragalus decoction pieces were all Mongolian Astragalus.The flowability test indicated that the novel granule decoction pieces had the best effect under small particle size(24 to 65 meshes)，followed by the medium particle size(10 to 24 meshes)，while the traditional decoction pieces exhibited the worst effect.The paste rate showed that the novel granule decoction pieces had the optimal effect under large particle size(5 to 10 meshes)，followed by the medium particle size with a 10% improvement over the traditional decoction pieces.Additionally，the worst effect was observed under the small particle size.During the decoction process，the pieces with small particle sizes exhibited gelatinization.The fingerprint analysis showed that the chemical composition of the novel granule decoction pieces was highly similar to that of traditional decoction pieces(R>0.98).Homogeneity analysis revealed that there was higher similarity and consistency in the chemical composition of the novel granule decoction pieces.As the index component，the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in the pieces of medium and large particle sizes produced by five villages and counties in Xinzhou，Shanxi was significantly higher than that of the original decoction pieces(P<0.05).The content of astragaloside IV in the pieces of small particle size produced by three areas was significantly higher than that of the original decoction pieces(P<0.05).Conclusion:The fundamental characteristics of the new Astragalus membranaceus granules are in line with the traditional decoction pieces available in the market.However，the new pieces perform better in terms of flowability and homogeneity，conducive for clinical dispensing and industrial mechanized production with good market potential.