To investigate the potential mechanism of Chuanshanlong extract in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:This study employed monosodium urate(MSU) to induce the building of the model related to rats with arthritis and human monocyte THP-1 inflammatory reaction models.Meanwhile，the swelling degree of rats' knee joints was assessed，with pathological changes in rats' synovial tissue detected by adopting the HE staining method.The expression level changes of inflammatory mediators in the synovial tissue were evaluated by the ELISA method，including interleukin-1β(IL-1β)，IL-6，TNF-α，with Western blotting adopted to analyze related proteins(NLRP3，ASC，and Caspase-1) in synovial tissue.MTT assay was utilized to detect the effect of Chuanshanlong extract under different concentrations on cell viability，while ELISA was to detect the TNF-α content in each group of cells，with Western blotting employed to detect the protein levels of NLRP3 and P62.Additionally，the immunofluorescence method was leveraged to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins(PINK1 and Parkin).Results:Compared with the control group，the joint swelling degree of rats in the model group increased(P<0.05)，and the relative expression levels of IL-1β，IL-6，TNF-α，NLRP3，ASC，and Caspase-1 proteins increased in the tissue(P<0.05).The TNF-α content in cells and the expression of NLRP3，Parkin，PINK1，and P62 increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group，the joint swelling degree of rats in the Chuanshanlong treatment group was reduced(P<0.05)，and the levels of IL-1β，IL-6，TNF-α，as well as the protein expression of NLRP3，ASC，and Caspase-1 in the tissue were decreased(P<0.05).The TNF-α content and the expression of NLRP3 and P62 in cells decreased(P<0.05)，while the expression of PINK1 and Parkin increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Chuanshanlong extract can treat gouty arthritis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting mitophagy.