As the most common chronic airway disease in pediatrics，bronchial asthma is characterized by recurrent attacks and difficult cures，thus posing a serious threat to children's health.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)，it is believed that the occurrence of asthma is closely related to the dysfunction of the spleen and kidneys.Phlegm dampness，extravasated blood，and qi stagnation are key pathogenic factors in the occurrence of asthma.Aromatic Chinese medicine refers to the Chinese medicine that is mainly composed of volatile substances and has an aromatic odor.Due to the channeling ability，this type of medicine has the effects of aromatic surface relief，regulating qi and expelling phlegm，dispersing blood stasis and dredging channels，enhancing immunity and strengthening vital qi，repelling foulness and promoting resuscitation，and purifying the environment.The application of aromatic TCM in the treatment of asthma has a long history and unique advantages.By summarizing the long exploration and practical process of aromatic TCM from discovery to maturity，this paper explored the relationship between the main efficacy and core performance of TCM.From the perspectives of “resolving dampness with aromatics to deal with asthma phlegm dampness”，“regulating qi for asthma qi stagnation”，“dredging channels with aromatics for asthma blood stasis”，and “internal and external treatment of aromatic TCM with the same goal”，it explored the possible underlying medical principles of aromatic medicine in the treatment of asthma and listed the modern research overview of aromatic TCM in the prevention and treatment of asthma，and the current application status.As a result，ideas and references can be provided for better clinical application of aromatic TCM and TCM aromatherapy，and the development of new aromatic TCM preparations for the treatment of asthma in the future.