Codonopsis pilosula，a traditional Chinese tonic herb，is known for its effects of strengthening the spleen and lungs，nourishing the blood，and generating fluids.Since the Qing Dynasty，ancient texts have recorded only a limited number of methods for processing C.pilosula.Various editions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and provincial standards have documented different preparation techniques，such as rice-frying，wheat-frying，soil-frying，honey-frying，stir-frying，and steaming.Among these，rice-fried C.pilosula is the most commonly used variant in these standards，though there is no unified standard.C.pilosula contains a rich array of chemical constituents，including flavonoids，terpenoids，alkaloids，sterols，alkynes，lignans，and sugars.It possesses immunomodulatory，anti-tumor，antioxidant properties，and enhances hematopoietic function，with certain protective effects on the nervous system.The pharmacological actions of C.pilosula change to varying degrees upon processing，due to alterations in its chemical composition.