To explore the effects and mechanisms of licoflavone A on follicular development in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) rats through regulation of the microRNA-137(miR-137)/kisspeptin-1(KISS-1) in granulosa cell glycolysis pathways.Methods:Sixty 5-week-old female Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group，model group，licoflavone A group，licoflavone A+miR-137 agonist group，and licoflavone A+miR-137 agonist+si-KISS-1 group，with 12 rats in each group.All groups except the control group were established as insulin-resistant rat models using letrozole combined with a high-glucose and high-fat diet.The expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)，luteinizing hormone(LH)，testosterone(T)，fasting insulin(FINS)，lactate，pyruvate，and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The relative expression levels of miR-137 and KISS-1 mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)，pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)，and hexokinase 2(HK2).Results:Compared with the model group，the levels of FSH，LH，T，FINS，pyruvate，and KISS-1 mRNA in the licoflavone A-treated group were all significantly decreased; the levels of lactate，ATP，and miR-137 were all significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the licoflavone A group，the expressions of LDHA，PKM2，and HK2 in the licoflavone A+miR-137 agonist group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the licoflavone A+miR-137 agonist group，the expressions of LDHA，PKM2，and HK2 in the licoflavone A+miR-137 agonist+si-KISS-1 group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Licoflavone A improves follicular development in PCOS rats by modulating granulosa cell glycolysis.This effect may be related to up-regulation of miR-137 levels and inhibition of KISS-1 expression.