discover syndrome differentiated characteristics of fungus infection of respiratory System Disease (RSD)，analyze correlation between Chinese medicine syndromes and fungus infection，and provide theoretical basis for integrative Chinese and western medical treatment.Methods:according to syndrome differentiation theory，275 cases of RSD were categorized as External Cold and Internal Fluid Retention(ECIFR，70 cases)，Lung Heat Congestion(LHC，67 cases)，Exuberant Internal Phlegm Dampness(EIPD，73 cases)，Yang Deficiency Of Spleen and Kidney(YDSK，65 cases). Mycetes was cultivated in the phlegm samples and identified by US Micro Scan Automated Microbic System. Analysis on characteristics and mechanism of fungous infection was made to each syndrome category.Results:of 275 RSD cases，the total infection rate was 25.5%; that of ECIFR was 1.4%，LHC，19.4%; EIPD，63.0%; YDSK，15.3%.Conclusion:RSD categorized in syndrome of Chinese medicine were closely correlated to fungus infection. Infection rate was the highest in the syndrome of Exuberant Internal Phlegm Dampness，and the lowest in the pattern of External Cold and Internal Fluid Retention. The majority of fungus infected is Blastomyces albicans.