To observe the effect of total rhizoma panacis japonica saponins（tRPJS） on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in hippocampus of chronic cerebral ischemia rats. Methods:The chronic cerebral ischemia model rats were established by ligation of bilateral cephalic artery. Expressions of GFAP and GAP-43 protein in hippocampus region were measured by immune imprinting methods after intragastric administration of tRPJS for 30 days. Results: Expression of GFAP protein in hippocampus region increased while expression of GAP-43 protein in hippocampus region decreased obviously in model group. The tRPJS can decrease the expression of GFAP protein in hippocampus region and can increase the expression of GAP-43 protein in hippocampus region significantly (P<0.01).Conclusion: The tRPJS can inhibit the overreaction of astroglia cell and up-regulate the expression of GAP-43 protein in hippocampus region in chronic cerebral ischemia rats. This may be one of the mechanisms of improving the capability of learning and memory.