Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a group of illness, manifested as progressive development of high incidence, high disability rate, high rate of consumption and high mortality. Due to the repeated incidence, it brought great economic and mental burden to patients and their families, and even the country. However, the serious harm to human society by CKD is not yet caused sufficient understanding among society, government and the public, and lack of awareness. It already had the elaborate records of the kidney and renal function as early as in the “Neijing”. the connotation of “kidney” in TCM including the function of reproductive system, endocrine system, as well as nervous system in modern medicine. Western medicine researchers had always considered that the main function of the kidney was excretory function, until this century they realized the endocrine function of kidney. On account of the cognition of kidney endocrine substance in Western Medicine recently, the profound understanding on the relationship between kidney function in TCM and kidney endocrine function in western medicine has been reached.