To explore the protective effect of Heat- Clearing antitoxicant herb(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, et al ) component compatibility (TLQN Injection) on infectious brain edema in rats induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and its possible therapeutic mechanism. Methods: A total of 70 SD rats were divided randomly into model group, control group, Qingkailing group(3 mL/kg), Dexamethasone group(10 mg/kg), TLQN low-dose(24 mg/kg), middle-dose(47.5 mg/kg) and high-dose(95 mg/kg) group. Models of acute infectious brain edema of rats were prepared by injecting LPS (1 mg/kg) via left internal carotid artery, and the drugs was injected at the same time as LPS was given via tail vein. 6h after the models were established, the body temperature, the water content and EB content in the brain was measured, the pathological changes was observed and the serum TNF-α、IL-6 was mesured by ELISA. Results: The body temperature, the water content and EB content in the brain were higher in model group than in control group, as well as injured cortical and hippocampacal neurons and glial cells, the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels in model group were higher than control group; TLQN injection can significantly decrease the body temperature, reduce water content and EB content, improve injured neurons and glial cells, and decrease the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Conclusion: The Heat- Clearing antitoxicant herb component compatibility injection may lighten the degree of infectious brain injury induced by LPS, the possible mechanism could be it can inhibit the overproduction of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6.