The chemical constituents of Ginkgo can help dilating blood vessels, improving microcirculation, eliminating free radicals, relieving muscle spasm, preventing allergies, inhibiting bacterial growth and so on. Furthermore, there are more and more related researches in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury about the active principle of Ginkgo. The essential components of Ginkgo Biloba which can protect the nerves of cerebrovascular are flavonoids and lactones. Among all of these chemical constituents, lactones will cure the cerebral ischemia diseases which have been put into the design of new drugs in our country. This article aims at analyzing and concluding the information from both international and domestic literatures. The purpose of this review is to sum up the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the bilobalide in cerebral ischemia injury and the prospect in treating stroking.