The relations between mapping and effect of material medica refers to a research method that combines fingerprint mapping of meteria medica and pharmacodynamics. It is widely used in quality control of herbal medicine and compound medicine which provides thoughts and methods for basic researches on pharmalogical substances of meteria medica. After studying on the articles on this topic published recent years, this paper mainly introduced the testing methods of fingerprint mapping and its relations with pharmalogical effects which provides reference for future study on the subject.