To explore the effect of tonifying kidney，benefiting marrow and engendering blood method on serum cytokines to cure rats with aplastic anemia (AA) induced by benzene and cyclophosphamide (CTX). Methods： Eighty five clean level SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=10) and other groups (n=75). Rats in the other groups were subcutaneously injected with benzene (1ml/kg) once every two days for 7 weeks，and given CTX (25mg/kg) 3 times every 2 days from sixth Monday for two weeks to establish AA model. Gavage began in the third week. Before that，rats were randomly divided into model group，the stanozolol group，benefiting marrow group，warming kidney group and nourishing kidney group according to weights，each group with 16 rats. The states and weights were recorded during the experiment. All the rats were killed in the seventh weekend. The level of IFN-γ，TNF-α，IL-2，IL-4，IL-5，IL-10 in serum of AA rats were detected with radioimmunoassay. Results： Compared with the normal group，the level of IFN-γ and IL-2 in model group significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)，and the level of TNF-a in model group was with an increased trend. Compared with the model group，the level of IFN-γ，TNF-a and IL-2 in treatment groups were with a decreased trend. Compared with the normal group，the level of I L-4，IL-5 and IL-10 in model group significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group，the level of IL-4，IL-5 and IL-10 in treatment groups were with an increased trend. Conclusion： The tonifying kidney，benefiting marrow and engendering blood method can slow down the progression of AA by means of regulating the level of IFN-γ，TNF-a，IL-2，IL-4，IL-5，IL-10 in serum of AA rats，as analyzed，adjust immune system and reduce the immunologic injury. The nourishing kidney and engendering blood method is better than benefiting marrow and warming kidney method.