Children with autism is a common pediatric neural mental disease. The current clinical treatment for autism commonly used antipsychotic drugs or central nervous excitement，which brings not only side effects，but also poor long-term effect. This paper collected the studies of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of children with autism，to summarize the etiology，pathogenesis and treatment respectively from both two aspects. Most importantly，it analyzed the clinical syndrome of TCM and summarized the pattern differentiation as well as the therapeutic principle，then explored research strategy，which emphasized on the application of zang-fu syndrome differentiation. Ultimately establishing therapies of TCM with clear priorities and comprehensive intervention would provide new clinical scientific research for the treatment of children with autism.