To compare the impact on GK rats heart and kidney by TCM component of Xiaoke Wan，the chemical component (Glibenclamide) of Xiaoke Wan and Xiaoke Wan，in order to explore the role of the TCM component in Xiaoke Wan.Methods：After 24 weeks respective administration of the traditional component of Xiaoke Wan，the chemical component of Xiaoke Wan and Xiaoke Wan，the GK rats were sacrificed，and a series of index were measured such as the microstructure of the heart and kidney，the subcellular structure of the heart and kidney.Results：The microstructure of the heart and kidney，and the subcellular structure of heart and kidney were ameliorated by the TCM component of Xiaoke Wan and Xiaoke Wan，and the effect was dose-dependent.Conclusion：In this study，the TCM component of Xiaoke Wan plays an important role of reducing the heart and kidney complication of diabetes mellitus，the mechanism of which needs further research.