世界中医药

目的：在认知科学背景下探寻辨证求因认知进路的推理模式。方法：首先回顾中医的核心理论——辨证论治的研究出现的思维转向，揭示认知科学语境下类比推理、溯因推理、最佳说明的推理在科学发现中举足轻重的地位；进而分析辨证求因认知进路的逻辑结构，比较“取象比类与类比、隐喻”“司外揣内与溯因推理”“审证求因目的与最佳说明推理”的异同。结果：辨证求因认知进路中的思维结构与逻辑学所言类比/隐喻、溯因、最佳说明推理相通或相容。结论：从中医理论的总体特性来看，辨证求因蕴含类比/隐喻推理；从中医认识疾病的方法上来看，辨证求因蕴含溯因推理；从推理与说明先后的角度看，辨证求因蕴含最佳说明推理。可以从类比推理、溯因推理、最佳说明的推理的角度，展现辨证求因认知进路推理结构。

English Summary:

To research the inference model of seeking the cause of disease from syndrome differentiation from the perspective of cognitive science. Methods: Firstly, reviewed analogic reasoning, abduction and inference by best explanation in the context of cognitive science, reviewed the thinking transformation in the process of syndrome differentiation, which is the core theory of TCM. Secondly, analyzed the logical structure of the cognitive process of seeking the cause of disease from syndrome differentiation, then made comparisons between the Qu Lei Bi Xiang and analogy or metaphor, between Si Wai Chuai Nei and abduction, between seeking the cause of diseases from syndrome differentiation and inference by best explanation. Results: There are similarities or compatibilities between the cognitive structure of seeking the cause of diseases from syndrome differentiation and analogic/ metaphorical reasoning, abduction and inference by best explanation. Conclusion:The process of seeking the cause of diseases from syndrome differentiation contains analogic or metaphorical reasoning, abduction from methodology of TCMs understanding of diseases, as well as best explanation, which reveal the inference structure of syndrome differentiation.

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