To explore the effect of Naofuming pill (NFM) on abilities of learning and memorizing of rats with vascular dementia(VD). Methods: VD model of rats was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. Aricept was as used positive control drug. Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, NFM high dose group, NFM middle dose group, NFM low dose group, as well as positive control group. The ability of learning and memorizing of rats were examined by Morris water maze test and step-down test. Results: In the Morris water maze test, NFM significantly shortened the total distance and the escape latency, and prolonged the residence time in the target quadrant. In the diving platform experiment, compared with model group rats, NFM significantly reduced latency. Conclusion: NFM can improve ability of learning and memoring in rats with VD.