To study the effect of Sacha Inchi oil on blood lipid and vascular endothelial cells in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods: To build the model of hyperlipidemia rats by high fat diet, and then Sacha Inchi oil was given to the models by intragastric administration. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks. After the treatment, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), endothelin-1(ET-1), nitric oxide(NO), thromboxane B2(TXB2)and the 6-keto-prostaglandin(6-keto-PGF1a)in serum were detected. Results: Sacha Inchi oli can reduce the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.05), and although Sacha Inchi oil had a positive effect on HDL-C, the result was not significant; Sacha Inchi oil could reduce the content of ET-1(P<0.01,P<0.05)and increase the content of NO significantly(P<0.001); Sacha Inchi oil had a positive effect on TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α, but the result was not significant. Compared with the blank group, the ratios of NO/ET-1 and 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 of the models increased significantly(P<0.001 or P<0.05); Sacha inchi oil can restore the ratios of NO/ET-1 and 6-keto-PGF1a/TXB2(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion: Sacha Inchi oil has an effect of regulating the lipid of hyperlipidemia rats, at the same time, it can regulate the content of ET-1, NO in serum, restore the ratios of NO/ET-1 and 6-keto-PGF1a/TXB2, and protect the vascular endothelial cells.