In order to summarize principles and methods of TCM innovation, this paper comprehensively reviewed the history of Fever Theories, including the Febrile Disease in HuangDis Internal Classic, the five kinds of “shanghan” in Classic of Difficult Tissues, differentiation of Six Meridians in Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease, Fiery Theory proposed by liu Wansu, Ministerial Fire Theory proposed by Zhu Danxi, Yin-Fire Theory proposed by Li Dongyuan and Febrile Disease of Pestilence. The principles of TCM innovation based on TCM inheritance and were oriented to the clinical practice. The content of TCM innovation included classification of diseases, discovering etiology, mechanism and laws of progress of diseases, creating treating methods and TCM decoctions. Moreover, thinking methods of TCM innovation included keeping the balance between discovering and summarizing as well as attaching importance to mutual rooting between philosophy and TCM.