To explore the essences of TCM syndromes of Diastolic Heart Failure (DHF) and the distribution of the syndromes and to clarify the correlation between the distribution of the syndromes and the basic diseases, severity of heart failure and the related physical and chemical index. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method of clinical epidemiology, through collecting and analyzing of 200 cases of DHF patients with four diagnoses information of TCM. Through the correlation analysis of zang-fu organ deficiency syndrome distribution of TCM in patients with essential factors, age, and E/E analysis, the distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes and syndromes of different ages and different severity levels were clarified. Results: Distribution of TCM syndrome essences were mainly characterized with qi deficiency (94.5%), yin deficiency (39.5%), blood stasis (43.5%). As for the deficiency of zang-fu organs, the syndromes were mainly about the deficiency of heart (94.5%), kidney (67%), lung (21%) and others. In different age groups, no significant differences were found in yin deficiency, blood stasis and qi stagnation as well as those in heart, spleen, liver (P>0.05). There were significant differences in yang deficiency, water retention, and phlegm-turbidity among different age groups as well as those in lung deficiency and kidney deficiency (P>0.05). Therefore, yang deficiency and water retention has correlation with E/E. Conclusion: The syndromes of diastolic heart failure were characterized with qi deficiency, qi deficiency with blood stasis, deficiency of qi and yin. And heart qi is the initiating factor of DHF along with the whole process of the disease. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of chronic heart failure, and guidance for the manipulation of formula to help delay and even stop the development of the disease, reduce the mortality rate and disability rate, and lessen the economic burden of patients.