| 引用本文:李成卫，王庆国.脏象的含义与肝脏象理论的历史演变[J].世界中医药,2015,10(11):. |
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| 脏象的含义与肝脏象理论的历史演变 |
| The Connotation of Zang-xiang and the Development of Doctrine of organ manifestations |
| 投稿时间：2015-11-02 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2015.11.001 |
| 中文关键词: 脏象 肝 历史演变 |
| English Keywords:Organ manifestations Liver Development |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）资助项目：基于“肝藏血主疏泄”的脏象理论研究（编号：2011CB505100） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：分析肝脏象理论演变的历史过程以及关键影响因素。方法：从理论的构建方法分析概念的含义与理论的结构。即通过历代阴阳五行学说分析脏象的含义，通过脏象含义分析肝脏象理论的内容与结构。结果：1）汉唐时期，阴阳五行学说为精气学说，脏为库藏、象为气象，肝储藏少阳、木气，与春通应而化生爪、筋、目等，舍魂，在腑合胆，外有足厥阴肝经。2）宋明及清代中早期，《太极图说》中的阴阳五行学说为宇宙发生论，脏为本体、象为“用象”，肝为厥阴风木、内寄相火，相火疏泄从肾精不断扩展到二便、水液、情志、脾胃等。3）清代末期至今，当代中国哲学将阴阳五行学说定义为事物与现象的属性与关系，脏为本质、象为现象，肝属木，藏血而主疏泄、体阴用阳成为肝脏象理论核心性内容。结论：肝脏象理论的历史演变过程与阴阳五行学说发展同步，理论内容由不同历史时期脏象的含义决定。意义：探索二者关系，无论对于肝脏象理论的学术发展史，还是脏象及中医理论研究无疑具有重大意义。 |
| English Summary: |
| To analyze the development of zang-xiang and doctrine of organ manifestations and the motivations. Methods: To analyze the connotation of the theory and its structure by finding out its construction progress. To be specific, to investigate zang-xiang theories under yin-yang theories in different ages, and thus to analyze its structure and connotation. Results: 1) In Han and Tang dynasties, the theory of Yin Yang and five elements was considered as the theory of essence qi. Zang(viscera) stores qi and Xiang manifest qi. Liver stores shao yang and the qi of wood. It corresponds to spring to nourish four extremities, tendons and eyes. It is also the house of soul and it correlates with gallbladder. Channel of foot reverting yin(LR) is the meridian of liver. 2)During Song, Ming and early Qing dynasties, Tai Ji Tu Shuo believed that the theory of Yin Yang and five elements is theory of the universe. Zang is the body and xiang is its shadow. Liver is the reverting yin viscus of wind and wood and it contains ministerial fire. Therefore, liver governs the flow of qi, and thus could affect kidney essence, defecation, body fluids, emotions and spleen and stomach. 3)From the end of Qing Dynasty, zang-xiang have been defined as the theory of Yin Yang and five elements, and zang is the nature and xiang is its manifestation. Liver corresponds to wood, stores blood, and governs qi flow. Liver is of yin nature but it functioned as a yang organ. These are the major theories of modern academics. Conclusion: The development of doctrine of organ manifestations regarding liver correlated with the theory of Yin Yang and five elements. It has different meanings because of various definitions of zang and xiang in different ages. This is profound to the research of doctrine of organ manifestations and TCM theory. |
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