To observe the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum on the lipid metabolism changes of BALB/c mice caused by anti-respiratory syncytial virus.Methods:Eighteen BALB/c mice were grouped into three groups randomly，blank control group，RSV group，and Polygonum cuspidatem group.RSV group and Polygonum cuspidatem group were infected by RSV through nasal inhalation.Bland control group experienced intragastric administration of normal saline.Plasma were taken after the experiment to measure its lipid metabolism materials.And the lipids were extracted by Methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE)and then were introduced into HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap for lipidomic analysis.OPLS-DA model were calculated for cluster of the three groups，and discriminated lipids were detected by One Way ANOVA(P<0.05).The structure of the discriminated lipids were determined，explaining the regulation oflipid metabolism.Results:The score plot of the OPLS-DA model provided the obvious discrimination of the three groups，suggesting the lipid metabolism regulated were phosphatidylcholine,triacylglycerol and phosphorylated ceramide.The further One Way ANOVA analysis suggested that the levels of the lyso glycerophosphocholines(Lyso PCs)and phosphated ceramides were significantly decreased when RSV were inoculated intranasally，while the Polygonum cuspidatum can increased this changes.Conclusion:Polygonum cuspidatum potents the anti-RSV effect by regulating the lipid metabolism.