To investigate the effect of Shenqi Yiqi dripping pills on the expression of glutamine synthetase and glutamate transporters in the retina of diabetic rats.Methods:SD male rats 80,weight 180~220 g were randomly divided into experimental group (n=70) and normal group (n=10).The rats were modeled by STZ injection to induce experimental diabetes.The 1% STZ sterile solution was prepared by sodium citrate buffer PH4.4,0.1 mmol/L,and it was given according to the body weight of rats (65 mg/kg) through left lower abdominal cavity.Common saline were injected of the same volume on the normal group,and blood glucose level was examined by fast blood glucose meter examination after 72 h; mice whose blood glucose level over 16.7 mmol/L were categorized as the model diabetes group,and were randomly divided into the control group (calciumdobesilate control group) (n=20),treatment group (Qishen Yiqi group) (n=30),and diabetic model group (model group) (20 rats).RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression level of mRNA GFAP in four groups of rats.The expression level of glutamate transporter (GLAST) was detected by immunohistochemical staining (LSAB method) and the expression level of glutamine synthetase (GS) was detected by LSAB in four groups.Results:The positive expression of GFAP (Glial fibrillary acid protein) IOD value of the control group,model group,and treatment group were higher than the normal group with statistical difference (P<0.05).The GFAP IOD value in the treatment group and control group were higher than that of the model group (P<0.05).The GFPA IOD value in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The positive expression of GS (Glutamine synthetase) IOD value of the control group,model group,and treatment group were higher than the normal group with statistical difference (P<0.05).The GS IOD value in the treatment group and control group were higher than that of the model group (P<0.05).The GS value in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The expression of and GS and GLAST can be promoted by Qishen Yiqi dripping pills,which can low the toxin of high concentration of glutamate,and thus protecting retinal nerve cells.