To provide macroscopic and microscopic identification basis for the Largeleaf Japanese Ginseng Rhizomes in the main producing areas such as Yunnan,Guizhou and Gansu and determine some contents in them.Methods:Macroscopic and microscopic observation and TLC were used to authenticate the crude drugs,the content of chikusetsusaponin IVa in the materials were determined with HPLC.Results:The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the three batches of Largeleaf Japanese Ginseng Rhizome were different in shapes colors of surface,and numbers of the crystals.And the contents of chikusetsusaponin IVa were 5.55%(Yunnan),1.98%(Guizhou) and 1.96%(Gansu) respectively.Conclusion:The Largeleaf Japanese Ginseng Rhizomes from three producing areas showed different characteristics in macroscopic and microscopic identification,and the content of chikusetsusaponin IVa in the sample from Yunnan province is higher than the others.