To analyze the correlation between different TCM syndromes of patients with esophageal cancer and chemotherapy drug sensitivity.Methods:A total of 60 cases of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in March 2013 to April 2016 in our hospital were diagnosed by gastroscope pathological biopsy.Through the syndrome differentiation，the patients were divided into 19 cases of combined phlegm and stasis syndrome 17 cases of deficiency of both qi and yin，13 cases of fluid consumption and heat accumulation and 11 cases of combined phlegm and qi.Their ages were between 40 to 60，with average age(47.6±6.8 years)，including 37 male patients，and 23 female patients.In vitro tumor tissue cell fluid was obtained by fresh tissue of surgical resection of esophageal carcinoma patients and mixed with different concentrations of Paclitaxel>CDDP 5-FU irinotecan，gemcitabine chemotherapy drugs.Inhibitory rate of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells in various TCM Syndrome Types were detected with MTT test.Results:In the inhibition test of the five different chemotherapy drugs，it was found that the cancer cell sensitivity of the drugs was Paclitaxel>CDDP>5-FU>irinotecan>gemcitabine.Among the groups，there were no significant differences among the combined phlegm and stasis group，fluid consumption and heat accumulation and combined phlegm and qi group.But the drug sensitivity of phlegm and blood stasis，deficiency of fluid thermal junction and gas exchange resistance group was significantly higher than that of deficiency of both qi and yin group(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is positive correlation between different TCM syndromes of esophageal cancer and chemotherapy drug sensitivity，the drug tolerance in deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome.