To compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of Bian Tong Capsule and Ziyin Runchang oral solution in treating constipation after thoracolumbar vertebral fracture surgery.Methods:A total of 144 patients were randomized into Biantong capsule (treatment group) and Ziyin Runchang oral solution (control group) to treat constipation with 72 in each. The first defecation time, length of stay in hospital, the adverse reaction of drugs were recorded as well as the recurrence rate of constipation after drug discontinuance at the 4th ,12th ,24th week. Results:Five patients in control group drop out of the trials for ineffective treatment after 3 days. Patients who had the first defecation within 24 h after operation were 70.83% in the treatment group. The first defecation time in the treatment group were 0.5 day earlier than that of the control group (1.4±0.6 vs 1.9±1.1, P<0.05), and length of stay in hospital was 5.8 days shorter than that of the control group (15.8±12.5 Vs 21.6±15.9, P<0.05). Besides, recurrence rate of constipation after operation at the 8th, 16th, 28th week was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The occurrence rate of ADR in both groups remained low and had no significant difference. Conclusion:Biantong capsule is effective in the treatment of constipation after thoracolumbar vertebral fracture surgery with low recurrence rate. It is safe and worthy of clinical promotion.