To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation combining with chemotherapy on the recent curative effect of lung cancer as well as quality of life of lung cancer patients, and to evaluate this treatment.Methods:A total of 90 patients with lung cancer who were treated in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2014 were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated by chemotherapy combined with TCM syndrome differentiation. The control group was treated by chemotherapy only. After two courses of treatment The recent curative effects of the two groups were compared, and the differences in quality of life before and after treatment were evaluated. Results:In study group, the total effective rate was 93.33%, CR was 9 (20.00%) and PR was 33 (73.33%), while the control group was 77.78%, 15.56% and 62.22%, respectively (P<0.05). The 1-year survival rate, 2-year survival rate and 3-year survival rate were 68.89%, 37.78% and 17.78% respectively in the study group,and they were significantly higher than those in the control group(46.67%, 24.44%, 11.11%, P<0.05). The medium survival time was (18.2±5.1) months,which was significantly higher than those in the control group (13.0±3.7 months, P<0.05), the total adverse reactions were lesser in the study group; all kinds of scores of the study group after treatment (the physiological condition scores 19.3±3.5, family condition scores 20.5±3.1, emotion scores 17.6±2.8, function scores 19.0±3.7 and symptom scores 25.0±4.7) were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Combination of chemotherapy and TCM syndrome differentiation is an effective treatment for lung cancer, which greatly improves the survival time of patients, relieves pain and improves the quality of life of patients.