To evaluate the cognitive function of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of liver-fire hyperactivity type，thus laying the foundation for further research on the mechanism of the cognitive function changes as well as the prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Using the method of classical Morris water maze and step-down test to evaluate the changes of cognitive function of liver-fire hyperactivity SHR rats.The control group use WKY and Wistar rats.Results:In the morris water maze spatial probe test,the time of crossing the platform of liver-fire hyperactivity SHR rats was significantly reduced than that of the control group (Wistar P<0.05).In the step-down test,the reaction time of liver-fire hyperactivity in SHR rats was significantly longer than that of WKY control group (P<0.05),and the latency of liver-fire hyperactivity SHR is significantly shortened than that of WKY control group (P<0.05).Besides,the frequency of mistakes of liver-fire hyperactivity SHR were significantly increased than that of WKY and Wistar control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Cognitive function of liver-fire hyperactivity in SHR decreased compared with WKY and Wistar control group,mainly manifested as decreased of attention and learning efficiency.When SHR rats were affected by emotions such as tension and anger,the judgment of SHR decreased significantly,and the decrease of attention and learning efficiency was more obvious.