Primary hypertension is a clinical syndrome manifested as the abnormal increase of systemic arterial pressure and it is one of the key risk factors to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease bringing damages to the target organs such as heart, liver, kidney and other organs. It is one of the most serious diseases to human health. Currently, acupuncture therapy can be used for the treatment of hypertension and its mechanism is that the blood pressure is affected by neurotransmitters, insulin resistance, immune system and vascular endothelial function and blood pressure is controlled by a number of regulatory systems, such as body fluid, nerve, endocrine, etc. Acupuncture for the treatment of primary hypertension has exact curative effect and remarkable short-term curative effect. Antihypertensive effect of acupuncture is good, with less adverse reaction and high safety, compared with medicinal treatment. However, its long-term efficacy remains controversial and needs further investigation.