To investigate the effect of puerarin on osteoblast proliferation and bone morphogenetic protein.Methods:The serum containing puerarin was prepared by serum pharmacological method,and divided into puerarin group,positive control group and negative control group.Osteoblasts were extracted from SD rat skull,and osteoblasts were cultured with corresponding serum.CCK-8 was used to detect osteoblast proliferation.The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The activity of alkaline phosphatase was detected by micro-enzyme method.Results:The values of D in puerarin group were significantly higher than those of the negative control group at 24,48 and 72 hours (P<0.05),and were significantly lower than those in positive control group (P<0.05).With the increase of time,the D value of puerarin group and positive control group reached the highest at 48 h,and decreased after 72 h.The expression of BMP-2 in puerarin group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group (P<0.05),and was significantly lower than that in positive control group (P<0.05).The expression of BMP-2 in puerarin group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group (P<0.05),and was significantly lower than that of the positive control group (P<0.05).The activity of alkaline phosphatase in puerarin group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group (P<0.05),and significantly lower than that of the positive control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Puerarin may promote the proliferation and activate alkaline phosphatase activity by promoting BMP-2 expression to promote biomineralization.