To investigate the effects of t Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea patients on estrogen (E2), prostaglandin E2 and clinical efficacy. Methods:A total of 90 patients with primary dysmenorrhea from Beijing Daxing District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine were selected from January 2014 to December 2015 and randomly divided into the control group and the experiment group with 45 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Tongjingbao Granules and the experiment group was treated with Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction. E2, progestational hormone P (P), PGE2, degree of pain and clinical efficacy were compared before and after treatment. Results:Compared with the condition before treatment, E2, the degree of pain scores of two groups of patients were decreased, P and PGE2 levels were significantly increased (P<0.05); Compared with the control group, E2 and the degree of pain scores were lower, and P and PGE2 levels were higher of the patients in the experimental group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment group was higher (P<0.05). Conclusion:Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction can reduce the primary dysmenorrhea patients' E2, pain degree scores, and increase the level of P, PGE2, which has good clinical effects.