To investigate the values and mechanism of t Fuzheng Sanyu Therapy in the radiotherapy synergism for the advanced esophageal cancer. Methods:From July 2010 to February 2014, 144 patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in our hospital for treatment were selected as the research object. All the patients were divided into experimental group and control group with 72 cases in each group accorded to random number table method. The control group was received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and the experimental group was given Fuzheng Sanyu therapy treatment based on the control group. The toxicity and effect, the survival rate of followed-up survey were recorded. Results:The effective rates of the experimental group and the control group were 90.3% and 72.2% respectively, and the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the experimental group, the incidence rate of radiation esophagitis, pneumonia and ulcer were 47.2%, 11.1% and 19.4% respectively, and 86.1%, 30.6% and 5.6% in the control group. The treatment group were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the NK activity and IL-12 content in the experimental group and the control group were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), while the NK activity and IL-12 content in the experimental group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Followed up survey showed that the 1 year, 2 year and 3 year survival rates of the experimental group were 98.6%, 95.8% and 94.4%, respectively, and 88.9%, 80.6%, 75.0% in the control group. The treatment group were higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of Fuzheng Sanyu Therapy in the advanced esophageal cancer patient can activate and balance the cytokine network, promote anti-tumor immunological effect of the body, result in the synergistic and attenuate effect of radiotherapy, improve the survival rate of patients, with good application values.