Six-meridian pattern differentiation of Shanghan Lun is the progenitor of Chinese medicine pattern differentiation system, and it is broadly applied in clinical treatment. This article analyzed the changing process of kidney disease on the basis of six-meridian differentiation method, as well as dialectical thinking and specific application of six-meridian differentiation method in kidney disease. This article will help TCM practitioners to have a preliminary master of six-meridian pattern differentiation and treatment of kidney disease.