To explore the efficacy, safety and mechanism of Jianpi Shengxue tablet in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related anemia. Methods:A total of 72 patients with COPD related anemia in our hospital from March 2015 to September 2015 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 36 cases in each group. The observation group was given Jianpi Shengxue tablet, three times a day and two pills at a time for a course of a month. The control group was given vitamin C tablets, 2 tablets a time, three times a day, and the treatment course was a month. The serum IL-1 beta, serum TNF-, serum CRP, serum hepcidin, serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin, reticulocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, nocturnal sleep oxygen saturation, lung function (FEV1%), modified COPD patients to evaluate the quality of life questionnaire score (mMRC) were compared before and after treatment. And the follow-up time was in the end of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. Results:All of the 72 patients completed the treatment. During the follow-up period, 2 patients in the observation group withdrew from the study, and 1 patient was lost to visit. 6 patients in the control group withdrew from the study, and 2 patients were lost. There was no significant difference in baseline between the two groups (P>0.05), which was comparable. The effective rate of the observation group was 91.7%, while the control group was 2.8%. The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1 beta, TNF-a, CRP and hepcidin in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The level of serum iron and transferrin in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). But the level of serum ferritin in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The count of granulophilocyte, red blood cell and hemoglobin in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The sleep oxygen saturation in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but the lung function and the dyspnea score (mMRC) were not significantly improved until the follow-up of third months and sixth months (P<0.05). The number of acute exacerbations in the observation group was significantly less than that of the control group (P<0.05). During the treatment period, 1 patient in the observation group had mild constipation, while 5 cases had mild diarrhea, 1 case had lower urinary tract infection, and no other adverse events were found. Conclusion:Jianpi Shengxue tablet is effective and safe in the treatment of COPD related anemia. Except its iron supply, it also inhibits chronic inflammatory reaction and inhibits hepcidin. It is worth further studying the larger sample size.