To observe the clinical efficacy of Modified Chaihu Shugan Decoction in treating anovulatory infertility with liver depression and kidney deficiency, and explore its effect mechanism. Methods:A total of 100 anovulatory infertility patients with liver depression and kidney deficiency treated in Department of Gynecology of Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute Affiliated Hospital from March 2015 to February 2017 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with clomifene citrate tablets. Based on the same treatment, the Modified Chaihu Shugan Decoction was adopted in observation group. The clinical symptoms and signs, the changes in serum follicular maturation hormone (FSH), luteal production hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were detected at the 3rd day of menstruation and at the day of follicles matured. The efficiency and incidence of adverse reactions in the two the groups were compared. Results:There were 7 cases lost in control group and 4 cases lost in observation group. The pregnancy rate of the observation group was 58.7%, which was significantly higher than 30.2% of control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the clinical symptoms and signs in the observation group improved more significantly (P<0.05). The adverse reactions rate of the observation group (10.9%, 5/46) was lower than that of the observation group (18.6%, 8/43) (P<0.05). Conclusion:Modified Chaihu Shugan Decoction in the treatment of the anovulatory infertility with liver depression and kidney deficiency is effective to improve the clinical symptoms and signs, FSH, LH and E2, and it can reduce the adverse reactions caused by clomifene Citrate Tablets