Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in urology,with clinical manifestations of symptoms of urinary irritation such as frequent urination,urgent urination and nocturia and symptoms of urinary obstruction such as urine-reducing,interruption of urinary flow and progressive dysuria.These symptoms seriously impact on the quality of life of elder male and bring life pressure and burden to the patients and their families.This paper reviewed the domestic and foreign literature in the past 10 years and summarized the research on the etiology and pathogenesis of BPH to provide reference for clinical BPH prevention and treatment research.