To explore the clinical efficacy observation and effects on serum metabolites of Tongnao Decoction in treating vascular dementia.Methods:In the period from January 2015 to January 2017,a total of 80 patients with cerebral infarction after cerebral infarction treated in Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.Both groups received oral piracetam,and the observation group was additionally given Tongnao Decoction for 8 weeks.The blood viscosity,erythrocyte deposited,medical symptoms integral,neural function defect scale,MMSE score,ADL score,HDS score.And the serum sFas,sFasL,TC,TG,HbAlc,FPG levels in both groups were detected before and after treatment and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment.Results:After treatment,the total blood viscosity,plasma viscosity and erythrocyte pressure were significantly decreased in the observation group,which were decreased more significantly than those of the control group (P<0.05).After treatment,the TCM syndrome score,neurological deficit score and ADL score were all decreased more significantly in the observation group than those in the control group.The MMSE score and HDS score were increased more significantly in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.01).The total clinical efficiency of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (90.0% vs 72.5%; P<0.05).After treatment,serum sFas,sFasL,TC,TG,HbAlc,and FPG were decreased more significantly in the observation group than before treatment and the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Tongnao Decoction has the function of improving blood circulation and protecting brain tissue in the clinical treatment of vascular dementia.