To explore the clinical effects of Modified Dingchuan Decoction combined with anti-tuberculosis treatment for severe tuberculosis patients and its influence on immune function.Methods:A total of 79 cases of severe tuberculosis patients were selected and divided randomly into control group (n=39) and observation group (n=40) according to random number table method.The control group was treated with western medicine anti-tuberculosis,and the observation group was treated with Modified Dingchuan Decoction on the basis of control group,and 2 groups were treated continuously for 6 months.T lymphocyte subsets,inflammatory factors and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in 2 groups were detected before and after treatment; the clinical curative effect and the sputum bacterium negative conversion rate in 2 groups were statistically analyzed,and the adverse reactions occurrence in 2 groups were recorded.Results:Compared with before treatment,the proportion of whole blood CD3+and CD4+in 2 groups and CD4+/CD8+in observation group increased significantly after treatment (P<0.01),and observation group was significantly higher than control group (P<0.01),the proportion of CD8+in 2 groups decreased significantly (P<0.01),and observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01); the serum TNF-α,IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in 2 groups significantly decreased after treatment,and the above inflammatory factor index in observation group was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01); the night sweats,fever,expectoration,debilitation,loss of appetite scores and total scores in 2 groups significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and observation group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01); the total clinical efficiency of observation group was 95.56%,which was significantly higher than 70.45% of control group after treatment (P<0.05); the sputum bacterium negative conversion rate of control group 6 months after treatment was 43.59%,which was significantly lower than 67.50% of study group (P<0.01).During treatment no adverse reactions occurred in observation group,and the incidence of adverse reactions in control group was 5.13%.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Modified Dingchuan Decoction combined with anti-tuberculosis can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of severe tuberculosis patients,improve the immune function,reduce the inflammatory reaction,and has high safety,and the curative effect is better than that of western medicine anti-tuberculosis treatment alone.