To establish a bidirectional fermentation system of Paecilomyces cicadae/Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus membranaceus residue，and to explore the content change of active ingredients in fermentation process.Methods:The inoculation amount，temperature and humidity were optimized by orthogonal design method，and the contents of polysaccharide，total flavonoids and total saponins were determined by sulfuric acid-phenol colorimetry，NaNO2-Al (NO3)3 colorimetry and vanillin-perchloric acid oxidation method.Results:The optimum fermentation conditions of medicinal fungus were temperature 26 ℃，humidity 90 %，inoculation ratio 3 mL/5 g.The optimal fermentation conditions of the residues of the fungus were temperature 26 ℃，humidity 80%，inoculation ratio 3 mL/5 g.The contents of polysaccharides and total saponins in Astragalus membranaceus were slightly reduced，while flavonoids content increased.The contents of polysaccharides，flavonoids and saponins in Astragalus membranaceus residue were increased.Conclusion:Paecilomyces cicadae can ferment Astragalus membranaceus medicinal materials and Astragalus residue，and the yield of effective components increased significantly after fermentation，which enhanced the medicinal value of Astragalus membranaceus，and provided a new idea for the disposal of residues.