Chronic pain is one of the common clinical conditions，which brings a heavy burden to patients and society.Its pathogenesis is complicated.Therefore，the treatment of chronic pain has always been one of the clinical problems.Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is an important pain signal substance，and ATP can act on P2X receptors.Recent studies have found that P2X receptors play an important role in the formation，transmission and regulation of chronic pain such as neuropathic pain，inflammatory pain，cancer pain and visceral pain，and are expected to become new targets for the treatment of chronic pain.This paper reviewed the research progress of P2X-mediated chronic pain.