Real world Study(RWS)has become a hot topic in the field of medical research.However, there are still some problems, such as unclear concept, insufficient understanding and unclear direction etc.This paper discussed on the background of the rise of RWS, the concept of RWS, application field, development status, existing problems and suggestions, in order to deepen the comprehension of RWS.There is no shortcut in scientific research.Each research method has its advantages and disadvantages.We need take rational view on the value of RWS.