To study the intervention mechanism of tonifying kidney and regulating qi method on vascular dementia(VD)rats by investigating the changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain of VD rats.Methods:Male Wistar rats were selected and divided into a normal group and a stroke group by open field test.MCAO method was used to prepare ischemic stroke model.After 28 d of routine feeding，VD rats were screened by water maze test and randomly divided into a treatment group and a model group.The normal group and the model group were infused with distilled water，and the treatment group was infused with Yinao Jieyu Formula for 4 weeks.At the 1st，2nd and 4th weeks of gavage，the rats in each group were tested for water maze，and at the 4th week after gavage，the material was taken and the contents of 5-HT，NE，DA in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats was detected by high-performance liquid.Results:Compared with the normal group，the latent period of 1，2 and 4 weeks of platform jumping were shortened，the number of errors increased，and the latent period of water maze was significantly prolonged(P<0.01).Compared with the model group，the latent period of water maze at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment group was shortened(P<0.01)，and the latent period of platform jumping at 4 weeks was prolonged and the number of errors decreased(P<0.01).The content of NE，DA，5-HT in the cortex and hippocampus of the model group was lower than that in the normal group(P<0.01)，and the hippocampal DA content in the treatment group was higher than that in the model group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The tonifying kidney and regulating qi treatment can improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats，and its mechanism may be related to the content of NE，DA and 5-HT in the rat brain.