To explore the effects of Xiangpi ShengJi Ointment on wound healing after anal fistula operation in rats and its possible mechanisms.Methods:The rat models of anal fistula wounds after operation were established by a comprehensive method，and 30 rats models were randomly divided into a model group(n＝15)and a test group(n＝15); Another 15 were selected to cause wounds only，and no fecal fluid was used as a control group.The test group were treated with Xiangpi ShengJi Ointment externally; the control group and model group were treated with sterile saline gauze，all 2 times/d，and were intervened continuously for 14 d.Laser doppler flowmeter was used to measure the dynamic blood flow value of the wound; HE staining and Wb method were used to detect the histopathological characteristics and VEGF，TNF-α，IL-6 protein expression.Results:Compared with the model group，the wound healing rate in the test group significantly increased(P<0.05); on the 3rd，7th and 14th day of intervention，the dynamic blood flow value of the wounds gradually increased in rats in the model group and the test group，but the model group was lower than the control group，and the test group was higher than the model group(P<0.05); compared with the control group，the relative expression of VEGF protein in the wound tissues significantly reduced in the model group，and that in the test group was higher than that in the model group; the relative expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 proteins increased.Those in the test group were lower than those of the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Xiangpi ShengJi Ointment can promote wound healing in rats with anal fistula after operation and improve local blood flow，and its mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and promoting the expression of VEGF in the wound tissues.