Since the beginning of human brain science research program，traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been closely integrated with brain science research due to its unique advantages.During this period，a large number of new concepts，new technologies and new achievements have emerged，which has greatly promoted the development of new technologies in TCM and accelerated the process of modernization of TCM.However，the further development of TCM in brain science research is hindered due to the certain limitations of research methods.In recent years，optogenetics and chemogenetics have been widely used in the field of neuroscience and provide a new strategy for clinical treatments because of specific cell-type，high-precision spatio-temporal resolution，and functional anatomical characteristics of neural networks.Therefore，this paper reviews the mechanism and application of optogenetics technique and chemogenetics and technique，aiming to promote the further development of TCM in brain science research.