To investigate the metabolism of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and to select the quality control components of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae based on the action features of multicomponent of Chinese medicines.Methods:The water extract of Radix Gentiana Macrophylla was prepared.Corresponding experimental operations was used.Gentiana macrophylla samples were collected for intestinal metabolism，hepatic metabolism and comprehensive metabolism of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae，combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive MS).The components in the water extract，intestinal metabolism sample，liver metabolism sample and comprehensive metabolism sample were identified，and the quality control components of Gentiana macrophylla were selected.Results:A total of 33 chemical constituents were identified in the water extract，of which 12 components could be detected after intestinal metabolism samples，9 components could be detected after intestinal metabolism followed by liver metabolism，and 11 components could be detected in comprehensive metabolic samples after intragastric administration.Conclusion:According to the results of MS data analysis，9 prototypes that can enter the blood circulation in the form of a prototype can be used as the quality control component of the medicinal material，and they were selected as quality control components of Radix Gentiana Macrophylla，including loganic acid，secologanoside，6'-O-β-D-glucosyl-gentiopicroside，swertiamarine，gentiopicroside，sweroside，isovitexin，icariin and oleanolic acid.