“Differentiation and treatment” is the guiding ideology of traditional Chinese medicine by using principle-method-recipe-medicines，and is the basic principle for understanding diseases and treating diseases.Syndrome differentiation is the premise of the treatment.Accurate dialectical，and innocent legislation，can have effective treatment.“Different diseases by the same treatment” is a manifestation of syndrome differentiation and treatment.Different syndromes are treated with different scheme.“Shugan Mingmu Decoction” is the self-made prescription by Mr.ZHANG Huai'an，a famous ophthalmologist in Hunan.Director XIE is the second generation of Mr.ZHANG Huai'an(see ZHANG Jian Ophthalmology Cases).The prescriptions are widely used in various diseases of ophthalmology.One prescription is for different diseases and the effects are quite good.This paper takes the application of Shugan Mingmu Decoction in ophthalmology as an example to explain the prescription significance of Shugan Mingmu Decoction and further understand the thought of “different disease with the same treatment” embodied in it.