To investigate the effect of Jiawei Shentong Zhuyu decoction on the behavior of osteoporotic model rats and observe the morphological changes of bone tissue in rats.Methods:A total of 45 female SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into blank group (n=15),model group (n=15) and traditional Chinese medicine group (n=15).The model group and traditional Chinese medicine group received bilateral ovariectomy to establish the model of osteoporosis,then the traditional Chinese medicine group received Jiawei Shentong Zhuyu decoction,and the rats in the blank group and model group received the same dose of normal saline once a day and 5 times a week for 5 weeks.After intervention,biomechanical examination and morphological changes of bone were observed.At the same time,the levels of trace elements (Fe,Zn,Mg) in peripheral blood of rats in each group were detected.Results:Compared with the blank group,the maximum load,fracture load,elastic load,rigidity coefficient and bending energy of femur in the model group were significantly lower (P<0.05).Histomorphology showed that the number,thickness and percentage of trabecular area of bone trabeculae decreased significantly (P<0.05).After oral administration of Jiawei Shentongzhuyu decoction for 5 weeks,the maximum load,fracture load,elastic load,rigidity coefficient and bending energy of femur in the traditional Chinese medicine group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05).The morphological parameters such as trabecular thickness and number of trabeculae were also significantly improved,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ELISA detection showed that the levels of Fe,Zn and Mg in peripheral serum of rats in the model group decreased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.After 5 weeks of oral administration of Jiawei Shentong Zhuyu decoction,the levels of Fe,Zn and Mg in peripheral serum of rats were significantly higher than those of the model group（P<0.05）.Conclusion:Jiawei Shentong Zhuyu decoction can significantly improve the microstructure and biomechanical properties of bone tissue of osteoporotic rats,which may be related to regulating the expression of metal elements in the body and can be popularized and applied.