To observe the median overall survival of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine，and to explore the factors affecting the survival of patients with MDS.Methods:A total of 57 MDS patients who were voluntarily treated with Yisui Decoction combined with Western medicine，and were admitted to Dongfang Hospital of Beijing Univeristy of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2009 to May 2018，were selected as the research subjects.The patients were followed up to death or end of observation.The traditional Chinese syndrome，blood and bone marrow examinations were recorded，and the factors affecting survival were analyzed.Results:The median overall survival of 57 patients was 30 months.The median overall survival of patients with high risk group under 65 years old was 30 months，which was longer than 27 months reported in China.A total of 8 patients with higher risk group receiving decitabine combined with traditional Chinese medicine had a median overall survival of 17 months，which was longer than 13 months reported in the literature treated by decitabine.As traditional Chinese medicine syndrome，the appearance of body fluid stoppage and excessive heat syndrome affected the patients' survival.Conclusion:The survival of some subgroups of MDS patients is longer than that of Western medicine alone，suggesting that MDS patients without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can benefit from integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment.There is a correlation between TCM syndrome type and MDS risk stratification.The appearance of excessive syndrome indicates poor prognosis and shortens survival period.Participation of TCM in treatment of MDS should not be treated with “tonifying” Chinese medicine alone.It should also be stratified according to the risk of patients.Patients in the higher-risk group are treated with certain “eliminating evil” drugs.