To compare the intervention effects of Sanhuang Yishen Capsules and Ramipril Capsule on rats with diabetic nephropathy，and to analyze the deep mechanism of renal protection，and to provide reliable experimental basis for clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.Methods:Male SD rats were selected and used and they were divided into 6 groups according to the random number table，namely a blank control group，a model control group，a ramipril group and the a Sanhuang Yishen Capsules low，medium and high doses(0.4，0.8，1.6)g/kg groups，with 10 rats in each group.After 8 weeks of drug administration，the indexes of creatinine，urea，triglyceride，total cholesterol and 24 h urinary protein were measured in each group.The morphological changes of the kidneys were observed under light microscope.The expression of nephrin，MCP-1 and IGF-1 protein expression were observed by immunohistochemistry.The expression of nephrin mRNA，MCP-1 mRNA and IGF-1 mRNA were observed by RT-PCR.Results:After modeling，the levels of triglyceride，total cholesterol，creatinineQ，urea，24-hour urinary microalbumin，MCP-1 and IGF-1 mRNA were significantly increased(P<0.05)，and the expression of nephrin mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model control group，the levels of triglyceride，total cholesterol，creatinine，urea，24 h urinary microalbumin，MCP-1，and IGF-1 mRNA were significantly decreased in Sanhuang Yishen Capsules group(P<0.05)，nephrin mRNA levels weresignificantly increased(P<0.05)，and can improve renal tissue lesions in rats.Conclusion:Sanhuang Yishen Capsules may down-regulate the expression of IGF-1 and MCP-1 mRNA，up-regulate the expression of nephrin mRNA，improve the pathological changes of renal tissue and play a protective role.